A COMPARATIVE TRIAL ON UNDERGROUND LITERATURE'S GLOBAL PANORAMIA

Abstract

Literature follows the transformations in social structure, cultural, social, economic and technological developments. In the process, some currents, styles and genres lose their value, while new ones emerge or change shape according to the spirit of time. One of the literary trends that emerged as a result of the global age and postmodern relations is underground literature. Underground literature is accepted as a movement/tendency/genre which starts to take on a popular dimension with the globalization emerging in modern and post-modern literature. Every kind of illegal and anomalous behaviours and deeds take place in underground literature, which objects to the dominant powers, denies the established order and its all units and standards of judgements and which is nourished with subcultures. Besides; sexuality, violence, drug use, nihilism and anarchism is achieved with a Jacobin approach and as for tone; slang, swearing, kitsch and carelessness dominates the work. Today, underground literature, which has obtained concrete criteria both in terms of content and form characteristics, has become popular. Thriller, political, Gothic, utopian, erotic, minor, sci-fi, etc. it has been synthesized and enriched with species. In the World, underground literature was born in continental Europe, especially in France, but gained its main popularity in the United States. It emerged in Turkey especially after the 1980 coup, and strengthened after the 2000s. On the other hand, traces of underground literature date back to modernization efforts that intensified in the 19th century. It is important to make a comparative analysis of the underground literature in the context of France, which is the first model country of the modernization of Turkey, and Germany, which is the focus of its military, economic, cultural and commercial relations with Turkey. As a matter of fact, avant-garde examples of underground literature in Turkey are based on translations and adaptations from French literature. On the other hand, it is noteworthy that writers of Turkish origin are among the authors who have already given works in the field of underground literature in Germany. In the end, it will be important to examine where Turkey, which imported underground literature discourse before the West and exported it a century later, stands on the list of underground literature in the global age we are in.